{"id":3441,"date":"2025-01-12T18:14:35","date_gmt":"2025-01-12T18:14:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/the-barometer\/"},"modified":"2025-05-10T19:16:35","modified_gmt":"2025-05-10T19:16:35","slug":"the-barometer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/en\/the-barometer\/","title":{"rendered":"Barometer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3441\" class=\"elementor elementor-3441 elementor-148\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-267d45b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"267d45b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9793380 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9793380\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-544f65c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"544f65c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Barometer<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb38407 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb38407\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Citizen Barometer of Security (BCS) is a device for analysing and monitoring citizenperceptions of security governance in Africa.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-399c892 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"399c892\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"833\" src=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Manometrie-1-984x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3401\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Manometrie-1-984x1024.png 984w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Manometrie-1-288x300.png 288w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Manometrie-1-768x799.png 768w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Manometrie-1-1476x1536.png 1476w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Manometrie-1-1967x2048.png 1967w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Manometrie-1.png 2028w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cae1641 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cae1641\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad713da e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ad713da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc213a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc213a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">BCS, A Program of LASPAD \u2013 UGB\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d781412 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d781412\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>Citizen Barometer of Security (BCS)<\/strong> is an action-research program launched in <strong>2018<\/strong> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.laspad.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>LASPAD<\/strong><\/a> (Laboratoire d\u2019Analyse des Societ\u00e9s et Pouvoirs Afrique \/ Diasporas), one of the most dynamic research centers at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ugb.sn\/fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Gaston Berger University (UGB) in Saint-Louis, Senegal<\/strong><\/a>. Its goal is to analyse and strengthen security governance in Africa by integrating citizen perceptions into the evaluation of public policies. Through field surveys and the <strong>Citizen Security Index (CSI)<\/strong>, BCS provides essential data to decision-makers, security forces, and organizations involved in managing security challenges.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eb352e e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6eb352e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f541ab3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f541ab3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" src=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/LASPADBCS-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3573\" alt=\"LASPADBCS\" srcset=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/LASPADBCS-2.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/LASPADBCS-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/LASPADBCS-2-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/LASPADBCS-2-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/LASPADBCS-2-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f271371 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f271371\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acfe534 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"acfe534\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5093615 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5093615\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Other LASPAD programs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb1da87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb1da87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alongside the BCS, <strong data-start=\"62\" data-end=\"72\">LASPAD<\/strong> supports other research programs<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-505b102 premium-carousel-ripple-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-carousel-widget\" data-id=\"505b102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"premium-carousel-widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"premium-carousel-wrapper-505b102\" class=\"premium-carousel-wrapper premium-carousel-hidden carousel-wrapper-505b102  premium-carousel-dots-below\" data-settings=\"{&quot;vertical&quot;:false,&quot;appearance&quot;:&quot;all&quot;,&quot;slidesToShow&quot;:3,&quot;infinite&quot;:true,&quot;speed&quot;:300,&quot;fade&quot;:false,&quot;autoplay&quot;:true,&quot;autoplaySpeed&quot;:5000,&quot;draggable&quot;:true,&quot;touchMove&quot;:true,&quot;adaptiveHeight&quot;:true,&quot;variableWidth&quot;:false,&quot;cssEase&quot;:&quot;ease&quot;,&quot;pauseOnHover&quot;:true,&quot;centerMode&quot;:false,&quot;arrows&quot;:false,&quot;dots&quot;:true,&quot;slidesDesk&quot;:3,&quot;slidesTab&quot;:2,&quot;slidesMob&quot;:1,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;null&quot;,&quot;tabletBreak&quot;:1025,&quot;mobileBreak&quot;:768,&quot;navigation&quot;:[&quot;&quot;,&quot;&quot;,&quot;&quot;,&quot;&quot;],&quot;carouselNavigation&quot;:&quot;dots&quot;,&quot;templatesNumber&quot;:4}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-carousel-nav-dot\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-carousel-505b102\" class=\"premium-carousel-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-carousel-template item-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fdbfb10{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--justify-content:center;--align-items:center;--gap:20px 20px;--row-gap:20px;--column-gap:20px;}.elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fdbfb10.e-con{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-18286c8{--display:flex;--min-height:260px;--justify-content:space-between;--align-items:center;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--padding-top:20px;--padding-bottom:20px;--padding-left:20px;--padding-right:20px;}.elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-18286c8:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-18286c8 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-color:var( --e-global-color-a291686 );}.elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4b4f99d{width:var( --container-widget-width, 100% );max-width:100%;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;text-align:justify;}.elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4b4f99d.elementor-element{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4b4f99d p{margin-bottom:0px;}.elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-85f10c3.elementor-element{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-85f10c3 img{width:120px;max-width:100%;}@media(max-width:1366px){.elementor-3531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-18286c8{--min-height:290px;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"3531\" class=\"elementor elementor-3531 elementor-2334\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbfb10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fdbfb10\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18286c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18286c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b4f99d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b4f99d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProDP Africa is a LASPAD research program aimed at strengthening personal data protection in Africa. Supported by the Open Society Foundations, it works to harmonize data management frameworks for more effective protection. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85f10c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"85f10c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/prodp-africa.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"921\" src=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LOGO-PRODP-2048x921.png\" class=\"elementor-animation-float attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 wp-image-3397\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LOGO-PRODP-2048x921.png 2048w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LOGO-PRODP-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LOGO-PRODP-1024x461.png 1024w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LOGO-PRODP-768x346.png 768w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LOGO-PRODP-1536x691.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-carousel-template item-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5a8b53bd{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--justify-content:center;--align-items:center;--gap:20px 20px;--row-gap:20px;--column-gap:20px;--margin-top:0em;--margin-bottom:0em;--margin-left:0em;--margin-right:0em;}.elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5a8b53bd.e-con{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4c0e01f{--display:flex;--min-height:260px;--justify-content:space-between;--align-items:center;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--padding-top:20px;--padding-bottom:20px;--padding-left:20px;--padding-right:20px;}.elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4c0e01f:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4c0e01f > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-color:var( --e-global-color-a291686 );}.elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-871e43c{width:var( --container-widget-width, 100% );max-width:100%;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;text-align:justify;}.elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-871e43c.elementor-element{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-871e43c p{margin-bottom:0px;}.elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-dea790b.elementor-element{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-dea790b img{width:65px;max-width:100%;}@media(max-width:1366px){.elementor-3529 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4c0e01f{--min-height:290px;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"3529\" class=\"elementor elementor-3529 elementor-2361\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a8b53bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a8b53bd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c0e01f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4c0e01f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-871e43c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"871e43c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHIRA is developing an integrated model of accommodation, services, and empowerment for adolescent girls who are victims of violence and exclusion. It aims to co-construct a Senegalese approach to preventing and treating gender-based violence. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dea790b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dea790b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hira-africa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1230\" height=\"1003\" src=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/HIRA.png\" class=\"elementor-animation-float attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 wp-image-3398\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/HIRA.png 1230w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/HIRA-300x245.png 300w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/HIRA-1024x835.png 1024w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/HIRA-768x626.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1230px) 100vw, 1230px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-carousel-template item-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4b83a61e{--display:flex;--flex-direction:row;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--container-widget-height:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:1;--container-widget-align-self:stretch;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--justify-content:center;--align-items:center;--gap:20px 20px;--row-gap:20px;--column-gap:20px;--margin-top:0em;--margin-bottom:0em;--margin-left:0em;--margin-right:0em;}.elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4b83a61e.e-con{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-da55082{--display:flex;--min-height:260px;--justify-content:space-between;--padding-top:20px;--padding-bottom:20px;--padding-left:20px;--padding-right:20px;}.elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-da55082:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-da55082 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-color:var( --e-global-color-a291686 );}.elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-880f286{width:var( --container-widget-width, 100% );max-width:100%;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;text-align:justify;}.elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-880f286.elementor-element{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-880f286 p{margin-bottom:0px;}.elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-71c5853.elementor-element{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-71c5853 img{width:200px;max-width:100%;}:root{--page-title-display:none;}body.elementor-page-3527{margin:0em 0em 0em 0em;}@media(max-width:1366px){.elementor-3527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-da55082{--min-height:290px;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"3527\" class=\"elementor elementor-3527 elementor-2374\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b83a61e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4b83a61e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da55082 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da55082\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-880f286 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"880f286\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGlobal Africa is a pan-African and international journal promoting excellent research in the humanities and social sciences. It analyzes global issues from Africa and its diasporas to show their role in the transformations of the world.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71c5853 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"71c5853\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"299\" src=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-GA-noir-2048x299.png\" class=\"elementor-animation-float attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 wp-image-3399\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-GA-noir-2048x299.png 2048w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-GA-noir-300x44.png 300w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-GA-noir-1024x150.png 1024w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-GA-noir-768x112.png 768w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-GA-noir-1536x224.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-carousel-template item-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-66525d79{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--justify-content:center;--align-items:center;--gap:20px 20px;--row-gap:20px;--column-gap:20px;--margin-top:0em;--margin-bottom:0em;--margin-left:0em;--margin-right:0em;}.elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-66525d79.e-con{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f2b1463{--display:flex;--min-height:260px;--justify-content:space-between;--padding-top:20px;--padding-bottom:20px;--padding-left:20px;--padding-right:20px;}.elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f2b1463:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f2b1463 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-color:var( --e-global-color-a291686 );}.elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5283e8c{width:var( --container-widget-width, 100% );max-width:100%;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;text-align:justify;}.elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5283e8c.elementor-element{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5283e8c p{margin-bottom:0px;}.elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a943cca.elementor-element{--align-self:center;}.elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a943cca img{width:120px;max-width:100%;}@media(max-width:1366px){.elementor-3525 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f2b1463{--min-height:290px;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"3525\" class=\"elementor elementor-3525 elementor-2386\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66525d79 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"66525d79\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2b1463 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f2b1463\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5283e8c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5283e8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFACE analyzes the impact of Covid-19 in Africa through an intersectional and feminist lens. Deployed in Kenya, Senegal, and South Africa, it aims to influence public policy by promoting inclusive and critical responses to the inequalities exacerbated by the crisis. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a943cca elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a943cca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/facesenegal.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"897\" src=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Logo-FACE.webp\" class=\"elementor-animation-float attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 wp-image-3400\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Logo-FACE.webp 2048w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Logo-FACE-300x131.webp 300w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Logo-FACE-1024x449.webp 1024w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Logo-FACE-768x336.webp 768w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Logo-FACE-1536x673.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-834948d elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"834948d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/laspad.org\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">LASPAD<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-416a072 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"416a072\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf76d3a elementor-widget__width-inherit bdt-background-overlay-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cf76d3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/UGB-e1739639869869.png\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 wp-image-3395\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/UGB-e1739639869869.png 1920w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/UGB-e1739639869869-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/UGB-e1739639869869-1024x341.png 1024w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/UGB-e1739639869869-768x256.png 768w, https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/UGB-e1739639869869-1536x512.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Citizen Barometer of Security (BCS) is a device for analysing and monitoring citizenperceptions of security governance in Africa. BCS, A Program of LASPAD \u2013 UGB The Citizen Barometer of Security (BCS) is an action-research program launched in 2018 by LASPAD (Laboratoire d\u2019Analyse des Societ\u00e9s et Pouvoirs Afrique \/ Diasporas), one of the most dynamic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3394,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3441","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Barometer | BCS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Citizen Barometer of Security assesses security governance in Africa through citizens&#039; perceptions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/en\/the-barometer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Barometer | BCS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Citizen Barometer of Security assesses security governance in Africa through citizens&#039; perceptions.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/en\/the-barometer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BCS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/fr-fr.facebook.com\/laspad\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-10T19:16:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/citizen-security.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LASPADBCS.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1335\" \/>\n\t<meta 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